Paryushan Fasting Rules: Paryushan is one of the most significant festivals in Jainism, focusing on self-discipline, non-violence, and spiritual upliftment. It’s a time to reflect on one’s actions, seek forgiveness, and detach from material desires. One of the most powerful ways to embrace this journey is through fasting.
Fasting during Paryushan isn’t just about giving up food—it’s about mental clarity, self-restraint, and a deeper connection with Jain principles. But how should one fast? What are the do’s and don’ts? And what if you can’t fast at all?
This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about Paryushan fasting rules so you can observe this sacred festival with the right intention and discipline.
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What Is Paryushan and Why Is Fasting Important?
Paryushan is a festival that Swetambar Jains observe for eight days, while Digambar Jains celebrate for ten days. The name itself means “to stay close”, symbolizing a period where Jains focus inward, detach from distractions, and dedicate time to self-improvement.
Fasting is a core part of Paryushan because it helps:
- Cleanse the body and mind by reducing indulgence.
- Enhance self-discipline and train the mind to control desires.
- Strengthen spiritual connection by focusing on prayers and Jain teachings.
- Minimize harm to living beings by reducing food consumption and practicing Ahimsa (non-violence).
While some people go through complete fasting, others choose a modified approach based on their capability. The key is to observe fasting with sincerity and awareness rather than seeing it as just a dietary restriction.
Types of Fasting Observed During Paryushan
Jains observe different types of fasting based on their physical and mental endurance. You can choose the one that aligns with your capacity and spiritual goals.
1. Upvas (Complete Fast)
- No food for 24 hours.
- Only boiled water is allowed and can be consumed before sunset.
This is the most common type of fasting where the focus is on self-discipline and detachment from worldly needs.
2. Ekasana (One Meal a Day)
- One simple meal is eaten before sunset.
- No snacking or consuming extra food throughout the day.
This is ideal for those who can’t go completely without food but still want to practice restraint.
3. Biyasana (Two Meals a Day)
- Two meals are allowed but with strict limitations.
- No processed or rich foods—meals should be simple and light.
4. Ayambil (Plain Meal Without Spices or Ghee)
- Only one type of food is consumed in its simplest form.
- No salt, sugar, oil, spices, or dairy products.
This method is for those who wish to purify their body and mind while keeping it simple.
5. Varsitap (Alternate-Day Fasting)
- Fasting every alternate day for an extended period.
- Practiced by monks and spiritually devoted followers.
6. Chauvihar & Tivihar (Restrictions on Food and Water Timing)
- Chauvihar: No food or water after sunset.
- Tivihar: Water can be consumed, but no food after sunset.
This practice increases self-discipline and aligns with Jain principles of Ahimsa and non-violence.
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How to Observe Paryushan Fasting
Observing Paryushan fasting requires mental, emotional, and physical preparation. Here’s how you can do it properly:
1. Set a Goal
Decide what level of fasting you can handle. Choose wisely—the goal is self-discipline, not harming your health.
2. Prepare Yourself Mentally
Fasting is more about willpower than physical ability. Stay committed by focusing on the spiritual benefits rather than the discomfort.
3. Follow Jain Dietary Rules
- No root vegetables (like onions, garlic, and potatoes).
- No processed, fried, or heavy foods.
- No eating after sunset.
4. Hydration with Boiled Water
- Water should be boiled and consumed at fixed times.
- No cold or flavored drinks.
5. Engage in Spiritual Activities
Use this time to reflect, read Jain scriptures, and practice meditation.
6. Practice Forgiveness
Paryushan is also about seeking forgiveness and letting go of grudges. Michhami Dukkadam is said to express, “I seek forgiveness for any harm I may have caused.”
Rules and Guidelines for Fasting
To make your fasting spiritually meaningful, follow these essential rules:
✔️ Eat before sunset (if eating is allowed in your fasting type).
✔️ Consume only boiled water at limited intervals.
✔️ Refrain from negative thoughts and arguments.
✔️ Practice self-discipline in speech, thoughts, and actions.
Don’ts of Paryushan Fasting
🚫 Don’t eat for the sake of eating. Only consume food when needed.
🚫 Avoid distractions like TV and social media. Stay focused on spiritual growth.
🚫 Don’t waste food. Jainism teaches respect for food.
🚫 Refrain from negative speech. Speak kindly and truthfully.
Significance of Fasting in Paryushan
Fasting isn’t just about food—it’s about detaching from material needs and purifying the soul. The benefits include:
✨ Strengthening self-control and patience.
✨ Reducing attachment to worldly pleasures.
✨ Enhancing spiritual awareness.
What If You Can’t Fast? Alternative Ways to Observe Paryushan
Not everyone can fast, and that’s okay. Here’s how you can still participate:
✔️ Follow a satvik diet—consume light, simple food.
✔️ Engage in prayers and Jain scriptures.
✔️ Practice Ahimsa by being mindful of your actions.
Even if you’re not fasting, the intention matters more than the action.
How to Break the Fast (Parna Vidhi)
When fasting ends, it’s important to break it properly:
✅ Start with boiled water or fresh juice.
✅ Eat light, easy-to-digest food like khichdi.
✅ Perform prayers and express gratitude before resuming normal eating.
Breaking the fast gradually helps the body adjust without discomfort.
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Final Thoughts: The True Meaning of Paryushan Fasting
At the heart of Paryushan, fasting is not about food—it’s about self-purification, mindfulness, and spiritual growth.
By practicing restraint, compassion, and forgiveness, we move closer to the principles of Jainism. Whether you fast fully, eat minimally, or simply focus on self-discipline, the goal is spiritual reflection.
💡 Self-control leads to inner peace.
💡 Forgiveness heals past burdens.
💡 Gratitude brings happiness.
Michhami Dukkadam! 🙏
